SEC Filing - Axonics, Inc.

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axnx-20230331

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_________________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_________________________________________________________________

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

Commission File Number: 001-38721

_________________________________________________________________

Axonics, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_________________________________________________________________

Delaware

45-4744083

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

26 Technology Drive

Irvine,

California

92618

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(949)

396-6322

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:


Title of class	Trading symbol	Name of exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share	AXNX	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April 27, 2023, 50,383,730 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, were outstanding.

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		Page

	Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

	PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	2

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	24
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	32
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	33

	PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	35
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	35
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	35
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	35
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	35
Item 5.	Other Information	35
Item 6.	Exhibits	36
	Signatures	37

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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), that involve risks and uncertainties, including statements based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about future events, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, our industry and the regulatory environment in which we operate. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” or the negative of those terms, or other comparable terms intended to identify statements about the future. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

•unanticipated safety concerns related to the use of our products;

•U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or other U.S. or foreign regulatory or legal actions or changes affecting us or our industry;

•the results of any ongoing or future legal proceedings, including but not limited to intellectual property, product liability or other litigation against us, our third-party manufacturers or other parties on which we rely or litigation against our general industry;

•any termination or loss of intellectual property rights;

•any voluntary or regulatory mandated product recalls;

•adverse developments concerning our manufacturers or suppliers or any future strategic partnerships;

•reduction or interruption in our supply chain and other possible inventory constraints or challenges;

•introductions and announcements of new technologies by us, any commercialization partners or our competitors, and the timing of these introductions and announcements;

•successful integration of acquired operations into our ongoing business;

•announcements of regulatory approval or disapproval of our products and any future enhancements to our products;

•adverse results from or delays in clinical studies of our products;

•variations in our financial results or those of companies that are perceived to be similar to us;

•success or failure of competitive products or therapies in the markets in which we do business;

•changes in the structure of healthcare payments for our products;

•announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, licenses, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

•changes in macroeconomic and market conditions and volatility, including impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic, risk of recession, inflation, supply chain constraints or disruptions and rising interest rates;

•economic and market conditions in general and in the medical technology industry specifically, including the size and growth, if any, of our markets, and the issuance of securities analysts’ reports or recommendations;

•rumors and market speculation involving us or other companies in our industry;

•sales of substantial amounts of our stock by directors, officers or significant stockholders, or the expectation that such sales might occur;

•additions or departures of key personnel;

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•changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities and the incurrence of additional debt; and

•the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the related responses of the government and consumers on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The forward-looking statements included herein are based on current expectations of our management based on available information and involve a number of risks and uncertainties, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. As such, our actual results may differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in more detail in Item 2 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of Part I and Item 1A “Risk Factors” of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Readers should carefully review these risks, as well as the additional risks described in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In light of the significant risks and uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that such results will be achieved, and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents we file with the SEC, with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, as used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “Axonics,” “our company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Axonics, Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes our trademarks and trade names, including, without limitation, Axonics R20™, Axonics F15™ and Bulkamid®, which are our property and are protected under applicable intellectual property laws. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q also includes trademarks and trade names that are the property of other organizations. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q appear without the ® and ™ symbols, but those references are not intended to indicate that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights, or that the applicable owner will not assert its rights, to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

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Part I—Financial Information

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Axonics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)


	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	240,105	$	238,846
Short-term investments	116,957		118,365
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $322 and $321 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	40,200		44,817
Inventory, net	66,067		55,765
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,342		7,282
Total current assets	469,671		465,075
Property and equipment, net	7,017		6,798
Intangible assets, net	85,888		86,253
Other assets	6,534		6,813
Goodwill	96,581		94,414
Total assets	$	665,691	$	659,353

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	14,737	$	9,070
Accrued liabilities	6,640		6,520
Accrued compensation and benefits	8,836		15,495
Operating lease liability, current portion	1,557		1,562

Other current liabilities	34,400		32,600
Total current liabilities	66,170		65,247
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	7,178		7,555

Deferred tax liabilities, net	15,737		16,412

Total liabilities	89,085		89,214
Commitments and contingencies (Note 3)
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share; 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	—		—
Common stock, par value $0.0001, 75,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 50,110,667 and 49,546,727 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	5		5
Additional paid-in capital	982,189		969,545
Accumulated deficit	(383,512)		(374,264)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(22,076)		(25,147)
Total stockholders’ equity	576,606		570,139
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	665,691	$	659,353

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Axonics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Net revenue		$	70,650	$	48,420
Cost of goods sold		18,150		15,178
Gross profit		52,500		33,242
Operating expenses
Research and development		8,056		11,236
General and administrative		12,168		10,013
Sales and marketing		42,654		33,063
Amortization of intangible assets		2,222		2,463
Acquisition-related costs		1,766		—
Total operating expenses		66,866		56,775
Loss from operations		(14,366)		(23,533)
Other income (expense)
Interest and other income		3,628		43

Interest and other expense		683		(289)
Other income (expense), net		4,311		(246)
Loss before income tax benefit		(10,055)		(23,779)
Income tax benefit		(807)		(1,111)
Net loss		(9,248)		(22,668)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		3,071		(4,920)
Comprehensive loss		$	(6,177)	$	(27,588)

Net loss per share, basic and diluted (see Note 1)		$	(0.19)	$	(0.50)
Weighted-average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share (see Note 1)		48,579,084		45,139,038

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Axonics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)


								Accumulated
				Additional				Other
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Accumulated		Comprehensive
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Loss		Total
Balance at December 31, 2022	49,546,727	$	5	$	969,545	$	(374,264)	$	(25,147)	$	570,139
Issuance of common stock for employee stock option exercises for cash	116,452	—		1,930		—		—		1,930
Restricted Shares Award (RSA) issuances and forfeitures for terminations, net and stock-based compensation	247,770	—		7,295		—		—		7,295
Issuance of common stock for vesting of Restricted Stock Units (RSU) and stock-based compensation	199,718	—		3,419		—		—		3,419


Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		—		3,071		3,071
Net loss	—	—		—		(9,248)		—		(9,248)
Balance at March 31, 2023	50,110,667	5		982,189		(383,512)		(22,076)		576,606


								Accumulated
				Additional				Other
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Accumulated		Comprehensive
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Deficit		Loss		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021	46,330,167	$	5	$	803,559	$	(314,566)	$	(6,560)	$	482,438
Issuance of common stock for employee stock option exercises for cash	91,286	—		1,444		—		—		1,444
RSA issuances and forfeitures for terminations, net and stock-based compensation	312,479	—		5,633		—		—		5,633
Issuance of common stock for vesting of RSU and stock-based compensation	268,930	—		1,505		—		—		1,505


Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		—		(4,920)		(4,920)
Net loss	—	—		—		(22,668)		—		(22,668)
Balance at March 31, 2022	47,002,862	5		812,141		(337,234)		(11,480)		463,432

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Axonics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net loss	$	(9,248)	$	(22,668)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	2,813		3,029
Stock-based compensation	10,714		7,138

Provision for (reversal of) allowance of credit losses	1		(39)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	1,800		—
Deferred income taxes and other items, net	(1,184)		(1,210)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	4,670		1,595
Inventory	(10,120)		3,015
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	850		1,474
Other assets	(134)		(25)
Accounts payable	5,593		2,529
Accrued liabilities	118		900
Accrued compensation and benefits	(6,663)		(4,925)
Lease liability	9		20
Net cash used in operating activities	(781)		(9,167)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(794)		(291)
Purchases of short-term investments	(52,309)		—
Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments	53,797		—

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	694		(291)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities





Proceeds from exercise of stock options	1,930		1,444


Net cash provided by financing activities	1,930		1,444
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(584)		316
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	1,259		(7,698)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	238,846		220,878
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	240,105	$	213,180
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for interest	$	—	$	1
Cash paid for taxes	$	—	$	—
Noncash Investing and Financing Activities
Property and equipment acquired but not yet paid	$	16	$	267

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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AXONICS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations

Axonics, Inc. (the Company) was incorporated in the state of Delaware on March 2, 2012 under the name American Restorative Medicine, Inc. The Company had no operations until October 1, 2013, when the license agreement between Alfred E. Mann Foundation for Scientific Research (AMF) and the Company (the License Agreement) was entered into. In August 2013, the Company changed its name to Axonics Modulation Technologies, Inc. In March 2021, the Company changed its name to Axonics, Inc.

The Company is a medical technology company that develops and commercializes innovative and minimally invasive products to treat bladder and bowel dysfunction. The Company has designed and developed both rechargeable (R20™) and recharge-free (F15™) implantable sacral neuromodulation (SNM) systems, which deliver mild electrical pulses to the targeted sacral nerve in order to restore normal communication to and from the brain to reduce the symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB), urinary retention (UR) and fecal incontinence (FI). The Company’s products are protected by intellectual property based on Company-generated innovations and patents and other intellectual property licensed from AMF. The Company has marketing approvals in the United States, Europe, Canada, and Australia for all relevant clinical indications. The premarket approval (PMA) application for the rechargeable SNM system for the treatment of FI was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on September 6, 2019, and the PMA application for the rechargeable SNM system for the treatment of OAB and UR was approved by the FDA on November 13, 2019. Accordingly, the Company began U.S. commercialization of its rechargeable SNM system in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Beginning in February 2021 with the acquisition of Contura Limited, the Company also markets Bulkamid®, a urethral bulking agent to treat female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Beginning in March 2022 with the FDA approval of the Company’s long-lived, recharge-free F15 SNM implantable stimulator, the Company now markets and sells the F15 recharge-free system to customers in the United States in addition to the rechargeable SNM system. The new recharge-free SNM system and Bulkamid are protected by intellectual property based on Company-generated innovations or patents acquired as part of the Contura acquisition.

August 2022 Follow-On Offering

On August 5, 2022, the Company completed a follow-on offering by issuing 2,012,500 shares of common stock, at an offering price of $63.85 per share, inclusive of 262,500 shares of the Company’s common stock issued upon the exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares. The net proceeds to the Company were approximately $128.3 million, after deducting offering expenses payable by the Company.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company; its wholly-owned subsidiaries: Axonics Europe, S.A.S., Axonics Modulation Technologies U.K. Limited, Axonics Modulation Technologies Australia Pty Ltd, Axonics Women’s Health Limited, Bulkamid SARL, Axonics GmbH, and Contura, Inc. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Basis of Presentation and Liquidity

Interim Financial Statements

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related footnote disclosures as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are unaudited, and are not necessarily indicative of the Company’s operating results for a full year. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), however, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules and regulations relating to interim financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial

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statements and notes thereto included within the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023).

Liquidity

The Company only began full-scale commercialization of the r-SNM System in late 2019. The Company has expended significant resources on research and development activities, growing its operations organization and building and training its sales organization.

The Company incurred net losses of $9.2 million and $22.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and had an accumulated deficit of $383.5 million as of March 31, 2023 compared to $374.3 million at December 31, 2022. The Company expects to continue to spend a significant amount of its existing resources on sales and marketing activities as the Company continues to invest in commercializing and marketing its products in the United States and internationally.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments of $357.1 million compared to $357.2 million at December 31, 2022. The Company expects that its cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments on hand will be sufficient to fund its operations through at least the next 12 months. The Company funds its operations through a combination of proceeds from public offerings of its common stock and cash receipts from sales of its products. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had no outstanding borrowings.

The Company may need to raise additional financing in the future to facilitate its business operations. If the Company raises additional funds by issuing equity securities, its stockholders could experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, may involve covenants further restricting its operations or its ability to incur additional debt. Any debt financing or additional equity that the Company raises may contain terms that are not favorable to the Company or its stockholders. Additional financing may not be available at all, or in amounts or on terms acceptable to the Company. If the Company is unable to obtain additional financing when needed to satisfy its liquidity requirements, the Company may be required to scale back its operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of this evaluation then form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates, and such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, the valuation of deferred income tax assets and liabilities, the valuation of contingent consideration liability, the valuation of stock-based compensation, the product returns reserve, the inventory obsolescence reserve and accounts receivable allowance for credit losses.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 relates entirely to the sale of the Company’s products to its customers and distributors.

The Company has revenue arrangements that consist of a single performance obligation. The Company recognizes revenue at the point in time when it transfers control of promised goods to its customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration it expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods. The amount of revenue that is recognized is based on the transaction price, which represents the invoiced amount and includes estimates of variable consideration such as discounts, where applicable. The Company also sells to distributors and applies the same policies as its revenue arrangements with customers, specifically that revenue is recognized at the point in time when it transfers control of promised goods to its distributors. The Company does not offer rights of return or price protection. The amount of variable consideration included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized under the contract will not occur in a future period. Payment terms, typically less than three months, do not include a significant financing component. The Company extends credit to its customers and

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distributors based upon an evaluation of their financial condition and credit history and generally requires no collateral. The Company does not have any contract balances related to product sales. The Company also does not have significant contract acquisition costs related to product sales.

In accordance with Company policy and based on the Company’s historical experience, the allowance for product returns was $0.2 million and $0.2 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is recorded as a reduction of gross revenue in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Damaged or defective products are replaced at no charge under the Company’s standard warranty. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the replacement costs were minimal and $0.1 million, respectively. The replacement costs are recorded within the sales and marketing expenses in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

The Company offers its standard warranty to all customers. The Company does not sell any warranties on a standalone basis. The Company’s warranty provides that its products are free of material defects and conform to specifications, and includes an offer to repair, replace or refund the purchase price of defective products. This assurance does not constitute a service and is not considered a separate performance obligation. The Company estimates warranty liabilities at the time of revenue recognition and records it as a charge to sales and marketing expense. The warranty liability as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

Shipping and handling costs incurred for the delivery of goods to customers and distributors are included in cost of goods sold. Amounts billed to customers and distributors for shipping and handling are included in net revenue.

The following table provides additional information pertaining to net revenue disaggregated by product and geographic market for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
SNM net revenue
United States		$	53,853	$	37,715
International markets		1,305		1,355
		$	55,158	$	39,070
Bulkamid net revenue
United States		$	11,613	$	6,569
International markets		3,879		2,781
		$	15,492	$	9,350
Total net revenue		$	70,650	$	48,420

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company makes estimates of the collectability of accounts receivable in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The Company’s estimate of future credit losses is made by management based upon historical bad debts, customer receivable balances, age of customer receivable balances, customers’ financial conditions and reasonable forecasted economic trends. Despite the Company’s efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, customers could be adversely affected if future economic and industry trends change in such a manner as to negatively impact their cash flows. As a result, the Company’s future collection experience can differ significantly from historical collection trends. If the Company’s customers experience a negative impact on their cash flows, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

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The following table summarizes the changes in our allowance for credit losses (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	321	$	355
Write-offs	—		—
Bad debt expense (recoveries)	1		(39)
Balance at end of period	$	322	$	316

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. At times, the cash and cash equivalent balances may exceed federally insured limits. The Company does not believe that this results in any significant credit risk as the Company’s policy is to place its cash and cash equivalents in highly-rated financial institutions. The Company also holds cash in foreign banks that are not federally insured. The Company has not experienced any losses on its deposits of cash and cash equivalents.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

•Level 1: Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2: Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.

•Level 3: Inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assumptions and valuation techniques used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. The inputs require significant management judgment or estimation.

Level 1 investments include U.S. government and agency securities, which are valued based on prices readily available in the active markets in which those securities are traded. Level 2 investments include commercial paper and corporate notes, which is valued on a recurring basis based on inputs that are readily available in public markets or can be derived from information available in publicly quoted markets.

The Company’s assessment of the significance of an input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, which may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The carrying amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements approximate the fair value for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payables, due to their short-term nature.

The purchase price of business acquisitions is primarily allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values on the acquisition date, with the excess recorded as goodwill.

Certain of the Company’s business combinations involve potential payment of future consideration that is contingent upon the achievement of certain product development milestones and/or contingent on the acquired business reaching certain performance milestones. A liability is recorded for the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration on the acquisition date. The fair value of the contingent consideration is remeasured at each reporting period, and the change in fair value is recognized within operating expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

On February 25, 2021, the Company acquired Contura Limited and its Bulkamid product, a urethral

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bulking agent indicated for the treatment of female SUI. In consideration for the acquisition, the Company paid approximately $141.3 million in cash and issued 1,096,583 shares of our common stock. The Company may pay an additional $35 million in the event Bulkamid sales in any consecutive 12-month period exceed $50 million (the Milestone) before December 31, 2024, with payment due within 50 business days following the quarter in which the Milestone has been met.

Contingent consideration represents contingent milestone, performance and revenue-sharing payment obligations related to acquisitions and is measured at fair value, based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The valuation of contingent consideration is estimated using a binary option-based approach with assumptions the Company believes would be made by a market participant. Significant inputs include projected revenues, discount rates, volatility factors and risk-free rates. The Company assesses these assumptions on an ongoing basis as additional data impacting the assumptions is obtained and any change in fair value of the contingent consideration is recorded within acquisition-related costs in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Significant increases or decreases in any of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. Generally, a change in the assumption used for the projected revenues would result in a directionally similar change to the overall estimate of the contingent consideration. At March 31, 2023, the Milestone has been met. The fair value of contingent consideration of $34.4 million and $32.6 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, is reflected in other current liabilities in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Liabilities
Contingent consideration:
Balance at beginning of period	$	32,600	$	10,370

Change in fair value included in earnings	1,800		—
Balance at end of period	$	34,400	$	10,370

There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 for the periods presented.

Investment Securities

The Company classifies its investment securities as available-for-sale. Those investments in debt securities with maturities less than 12 months at the balance sheet date are considered short-term investments. Those investments in debt securities with maturities greater than 12 months at the balance sheet date are considered long-term investments. The Company’s investment securities classified as available-for-sale are recorded at fair value based on the fair value hierarchy (Level 1 and Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy), and consists primarily of commercial paper, corporate notes and U.S. government and agency securities. Unrealized gains or losses, deemed temporary in nature, are reported as other comprehensive income (loss) within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. There were no unrealized gains or losses during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

A decline in the fair value of any security below cost that is deemed other than temporary results in a charge to net income (loss) and the corresponding establishment of a credit loss allowance for the security. Premiums (discounts) are amortized (accreted) over the life of the related security as an adjustment to yield using the straight-line interest method. Dividend, accretion and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized gains or losses are included in net loss and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold.

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The following table presents the fair value hierarchy for those assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2023
Assets:	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Commercial paper	$	—	$	50,693	$	—	$	50,693
Corporate notes	—		4,181		—		4,181
U.S. government and agency securities	114,683		—		—		114,683
	$	114,683	$	54,874	$	—	$	169,557

_____________________________________________

(1) As of March 31, 2023, commercial paper investments of $14.9 million and U.S. government and agency securities of $37.7 million are included in cash and cash equivalents on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, as the investments had a maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022
Assets:	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Commercial paper	$	—	$	175,548	$	—	$	175,548
Corporate notes	—		4,675		—		4,675
U.S. government and agency securities	75,212		—		—		75,212
	$	75,212	$	180,223	$	—	$	255,435

_____________________________________________

(1) As of December 31, 2022, commercial paper investments of $131.1 million, U.S. government and agency securities of $4.0 million, and corporate notes of $2.0 million are included in cash and cash equivalents on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, as the investments had a maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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The Company holds investments in marketable debt securities that are classified and accounted for as cash equivalents or available-for-sale and are remeasured on a recurring basis. All of the Company’s available-for-sale debt securities are classified on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as cash equivalents or short-term investments. The following table summarizes the Company’s cash equivalents and investments in available-for-sale debt securities by significant investment category as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):


	March 31, 2023
	Cost		Unrealized gains		Unrealized losses		Fair value
Cash equivalents:
Commercial paper	$	14,943	$	—	$	—	$	14,943
Corporate notes	—		—		—		—
U.S. government and agency securities	37,657		—		—		37,657
Total cash equivalents	$	52,600	$	—	$	—	$	52,600
Short-term investments:
Commercial paper	$	35,750	$	—	$	—	$	35,750
Corporate notes	4,182		2		(3)		4,181
U.S. government and agency securities	77,055		20		(49)		77,026
Total short-term investments	$	116,987	$	22	$	(52)	$	116,957

Total	$	169,587	$	22	$	(52)	$	169,557


	December 31, 2022
	Cost		Unrealized gains		Unrealized losses		Fair value
Cash equivalents:
Commercial paper	$	131,075	$	—	$	—	$	131,075
Corporate notes	2,013		—		—		2,013
U.S. government and agency securities	3,982		—		—		3,982
Total cash equivalents	$	137,070	$	—	$	—	$	137,070
Short-term investments:
Commercial paper	$	44,473	$	—	$	—	$	44,473
Corporate notes	2,664		—		(2)		2,662
U.S. government and agency securities	71,342		6		(118)		71,230
Total short-term investments	$	118,479	$	6	$	(120)	$	118,365

Total	$	255,549	$	6	$	(120)	$	255,435

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Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currencies of the Company’s subsidiaries are currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The Company translates assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses of the subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate during the period. Gains or losses from these translation adjustments are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive gain or loss until there is a sale or complete or substantially complete liquidation of the Company’s investment in the foreign subsidiary at which time the gains or losses will be realized and included in net income (loss). As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all foreign currency translation gains (losses) have been unrealized and included in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists entirely of losses or gains from translation of foreign subsidiaries at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Inventory, Net

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost computed on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company reduces the carrying value of inventories for items that are potentially excess, obsolete, or slow-moving based on changes in customer demand, technology developments, or other economic factors.

The Company capitalizes inventory produced for commercial sale. The Company capitalizes manufacturing costs as inventory following both the receipt of regulatory approval from regulatory bodies and the Company’s intent to commercialize. Costs associated with developmental products prior to satisfying the Company’s inventory capitalization criteria are charged to research and development expenses as incurred.

Products that have been approved by certain regulatory authorities may also be used in clinical programs to assess the safety and efficacy of the products for usage that have not been approved by the FDA or other regulatory authorities. The form of product utilized for both commercial and certain clinical programs that are identical are included as inventory with an “alternative future use” as defined in authoritative guidance. Component materials and purchased products associated with clinical development programs are included in inventory and charged to research and development expenses when the product enters the research and development process and no longer can be used for commercial purposes and, therefore, does not have an “alternative future use.”

For products that are under development and have not yet been approved by regulatory authorities, purchased component materials are charged to research and development expenses when the inventory ownership transfers to the Company.

The Company analyzes inventory levels to identify inventory that may expire prior to sale, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of its net realizable value, or inventory in excess of expected sales requirements. Although the manufacturing of the Company’s SNM systems is subject to strict quality control, certain batches or units of product may no longer meet quality specifications or may expire, which would require adjustments to the Company’s inventory values. The Company also applies judgment related to the results of quality tests that are performed throughout the production process, as well as the understanding of regulatory guidelines, to determine if it is probable that inventory will be saleable. These quality tests are performed throughout the pre- and post-production processes, and the Company continually gathers information regarding product quality for periods after the manufacturing date. The Company’s products currently have a maximum estimated shelf life range of 12 to 36 months and based on sales forecasts, the Company expects to realize the carrying value of the product inventory. In the future, reduced demand, quality issues, or excess supply beyond those anticipated by management may result in a material adjustment to inventory levels, which would be recorded as an increase to cost of sales.

The determination of whether inventory costs will be realizable or not requires estimates by the Company’s management. A critical input in this determination is future expected inventory requirements based on internal sales forecasts. Management then compares these requirements to the expiry dates of inventory on hand. To the extent that inventory is expected to expire prior to being sold, management will write down the value of inventory.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had $35.4 million, $7.4 million and $23.3 million of finished goods inventory, work-in-process inventory and raw materials inventory, respectively, net of reserves of $0.4 million. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $30.4 million, $5.7 million and $19.7 million of finished goods inventory, work-in-process inventory and raw materials inventory, respectively, net of reserves of $0.5 million.

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Customer and Vendor Concentration

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no customers who accounted for over 10% of the Company’s consolidated accounts receivable. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were two vendors and one vendor, respectively, who accounted for over 10% of the Company’s consolidated accounts payable. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no customers who accounted for over 10% of the Company’s consolidated net revenue. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were three vendors and three vendors, respectively, who accounted for over 10% of the Company’s inventory-related purchases.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally between three and seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the life of the lease or the useful life of the improvements. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess purchase price over the fair values of both tangible and intangible assets acquired less the liabilities assumed. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level by comparing the reporting unit’s carrying amount to the fair value of the reporting unit. The fair values are estimated using an income and discounted cash flow approach. The Company evaluates its goodwill on an annual basis in the fourth quarter or more frequently if it believes indicators of impairment exist. The Company assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount or performs an annual impairment test. When tested quantitatively, the Company compares the fair value of the applicable reporting unit with its carrying value. In making this assessment, management relies on a number of factors, including expected future operating results, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows, business trends and declines in the Company’s market capitalization. The Company estimates the fair value of its reporting unit using a combination of the discounted cash flow and income approaches. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value is recognized as an impairment loss. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company did not record any impairment charges related to goodwill.

Intangible Assets

Patent license asset

The intangible asset represents exclusive rights to an additional field-of-use on the patent suite within the License Agreement with AMF. The additional field-of-use was provided in exchange for 50,000 shares of Series A preferred stock, the fair value of which was $1.0 million in 2013. The intangible asset was recorded at its fair value of $1.0 million at the date contributed. In connection with the initial public offering, such shares of Series A preferred stock were converted into common stock. Amortization of this asset is recorded over the shorter of the patent or legal life on a straight-line basis. The weighted-average amortization period is 8.71 years. The asset has been fully amortized as of March 31, 2023. For additional information, see Note 7.

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Exclusive license asset

The intangible asset represents exclusive rights to existing technologies and development services from Micro Systems Engineering, Inc. pursuant to an agreement entered into on March 2, 2021. The rights and services were provided in exchange for 65,594 shares of common stock, the fair value of which was $3.6 million upon transfer. The intangible asset was recorded at its fair value of $3.3 million at the date of the agreement, with the difference of $0.3 million recorded as a vendor credit in accounts payable in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of this asset is recorded over the four-year term of the agreement on a straight-line basis. The Company recorded expense for the amortization of the exclusive license asset of $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company will review the intangible asset for impairment whenever an impairment indicator exists. There have been no intangible asset impairment charges to date. For additional information, see Note 7.

Contura acquisition

The intangible assets represent technology, trade names and trademarks, and customer relationships acquired from Contura on February 25, 2021. The trade names and trademarks have an indefinite life. The straight-line method over the period of estimated benefit is used to amortize technology. Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 350-30-35-3 states that customer relationships generally dissipate at a more rapid rate in the earlier periods following a company’s succession to these relationships, with the rate of attrition declining over time. As such, the accelerated method is used to amortize customer relationships. The Company recorded expense for the amortization of Contura acquisition intangible assets of $2.1 million and $2.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company reviewed the intangible assets for impairment for this asset group during the three months ended March 31, 2023. As Bulkamid SARL ceased sales operations and did not recognize revenue during the year ended December 31, 2022, and does not expect to recognize revenue in future periods, the Company wrote off the customer relationships intangible asset of $0.3 million related to this entity during the year ended December 31, 2022. The impairment expense is recorded within the general and administrative expenses in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. For additional information, see Note 7.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparing the carrying amount to the future net cash flows that the assets are expected to generate. If said assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment that would be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the projected discounted future net cash flows arising from the asset. There have been $0.3 million of impairments of long-lived assets to date.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. Impairment is calculated as the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. Fair value is generally determined using a discounted future cash flow analysis. There have been no impairments to indefinite-lived intangible assets during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Leases

In accordance with ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” components of a lease should be split into three categories: lease components, non-lease components, and non-components. The fixed and in-substance fixed contract consideration (including any consideration related to non-components) must be allocated based on the respective relative fair values to the lease components and non-lease components. Entities may elect not to separate lease and non-lease components. Rather, entities would account for each lease component and related non-lease component together as a single lease component. The Company has elected to account for lease and non-lease components together as a single lease component for all underlying assets and allocate all of the contract consideration to the lease component only. Topic 842 allows for the use of judgment in determining whether the assumed lease term is for a major part of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset and whether the present value of lease payments represents substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset. The Company applies the bright line thresholds referenced in Topic 842 to assist in evaluating leases for appropriate classification

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between operating and finance leases. The aforementioned bright lines are applied consistently to the Company’s entire portfolio of leases.

Operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate for a fully collateralized amortizing loan with the same maturity as the lease term in similar economic environment, based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Research and Development

Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred. Research and development costs include salary and personnel-related costs, costs of clinical studies and testing, royalty expense, supplies and materials, and outside consultant costs.

Advertising Expense

The Company expenses advertising costs as they are incurred. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, advertising expense totaled $4.3 million and $3.2 million, respectively, and are recorded within the sales and marketing expenses in its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method to compute the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the related financial amounts, using currently enacted tax rates. The Company has net deferred tax assets in certain jurisdictions. The realization of these deferred tax assets is dependent upon the Company’s ability to generate sufficient taxable income in future years. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that more likely than not will be realized. The Company evaluates the recoverability of the deferred tax assets annually, and maintains a full valuation allowance on its U.S. net deferred tax assets. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company is subject to transfer pricing and other tax regulations designed to ensure that appropriate levels of income are reported as earned by the Company’s U.S. and foreign entities and are taxed accordingly. In the normal course of business, the Company is audited by federal, state and foreign tax authorities, and subject to inquiries from those tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due. These inquiries may relate to the timing and amount of deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, in income tax expense.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures the cost of employee and non-employee services in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and recognizes compensation cost over the requisite service period (typically the vesting period), generally three or four years. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of the grant and revised in subsequent periods to reflect differences between the estimates and the number of shares that actually become exercisable.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options (as of the date of grant) that have service conditions for vesting. Stock options and restricted shares awards vest based on service conditions, typically over three or four years.

The Company also grants shares of performance-based restricted stock units that typically vest after one year only if the Company has also achieved certain performance objectives as defined and approved by the Company’s board of directors. The fair value of performance awards is determined based on the Company’s stock price at the date of grant and expensed over the performance period based on the probability of achieving the

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performance objectives. If such targets are not met or service is not rendered for the requisite service period, no compensation cost is recognized, and any recognized compensation cost in prior periods will be reversed. In addition, the Company also grants market-based restricted stock units that have combined market conditions and service conditions for vesting, for which the Company uses the Monte Carlo valuation model to value equity awards (as of the date of grant). Compensation cost is not adjusted if the market condition is not met, as long as the requisite service is provided.

Net Loss per Share of Common Stock

Basic net loss per share of common stock is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, common stock options, unvested RSAs and RSUs are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. Because the Company has reported a net loss in all periods presented, diluted net loss per share of common stock is the same as basic net loss per share of common stock for those periods.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 2,163,018 and 2,416,373 potentially dilutive weighted-average shares, respectively, that were not included in the computation of diluted weighted-average shares of common stock and common stock equivalent shares outstanding because their effect would have been antidilutive given the Company’s net loss.

Segment Reporting

Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company has determined it operates in one segment, the development and commercialization of innovative and minimally invasive products to treat bladder and bowel dysfunction. Geographically, the Company sells over 90% of its products to customers in the United States. Segment information is consistent with how management reviews the business, makes investing and resource allocation decisions and assesses operating performance.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

We have reviewed and considered all recent accounting pronouncements that have not yet been adopted and believe there are none that could potentially have a material impact on our business practices, financial condition, results of operations, or disclosures.

Note 2. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands) at:


	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Equipment	$	2,772	$	2,645
Computer hardware and software	3,282		3,282
Tools and molds	1,980		1,735
Leasehold improvements	4,449		4,449
Furniture and fixtures	1,810		1,810
Construction in progress	845		413
	15,138		14,334
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(8,121)		(7,536)
	$	7,017	$	6,798

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Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment was $0.6 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Note 3. Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

In August 2014, the Company entered into a five-year operating lease for approximately 12,215 square feet of office space beginning on November 1, 2014, and expiring on October 31, 2019. In June 2019, the lease was amended to extend the expiration date to October 31, 2020. In September 2020, the lease was amended to extend the expiration date to July 31, 2022, and in December 2021, the lease was amended to extend the expiration date to January 31, 2028. Upon the execution of the amendments, which were deemed to be a lease modification, the Company reassessed the lease liability using the incremental borrowing rate for a collateralized asset of the same remaining term at the modification date and recorded ROU assets for the same amount. The Company also reassessed the lease classification and concluded that the lease continues to be an operating lease. Under the terms of the lease, the Company is responsible for taxes, insurance, and maintenance expense. The lease contains certain scheduled rent increases. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term.

The Company entered into an operating lease for approximately 25,548 square feet of office space beginning on August 1, 2018, and expiring on October 31, 2027. Under the terms of the lease, the Company is responsible for taxes, insurance, and maintenance expense. The lease contains certain scheduled rent increases. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. The Company has a renewal option to extend the term of the lease for a period of five years beyond the initial term. Under the terms of the lease, the base rent payable with respect to each renewal term will be equal to the prevailing market rental rent as of the commencement of the applicable renewal term. In the event of a default of certain of the Company’s obligations under the lease, the Company’s landlord would have the right to terminate the lease.

In June 2019, the Company entered into an eight-year operating lease for approximately 32,621 square feet of office space beginning on January 15, 2020 and expiring on January 31, 2028. The Company uses these premises as its new principal executive offices and for general office space. The Company is utilizing its other currently-leased spaces to conduct the training of its sales team and for manufacturing purposes. Under the terms of the lease, the Company is responsible for taxes, insurance, and maintenance expense. The lease contains certain scheduled rent increases. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. The Company has a renewal option to extend the term of the lease for a period of five years beyond the initial term. Under the terms of the lease, the base rent payable with respect to each renewal term will be equal to the prevailing market rental rent as of the commencement of the applicable renewal term. In the event of a default of certain of the Company’s obligations under the lease, the Company’s landlord would have the right to terminate the lease.

In August 2020, the Company entered into a 38-month operating lease for approximately 5,693 square feet of warehouse space beginning on October 15, 2020 and expiring on December 31, 2023. The Company uses these premises for general warehouse space.

In March 2022, the Company entered into an 18-month operating lease for approximately 3,276 square feet of warehouse space beginning on July 1, 2022 and expiring on December 31, 2023. The Company uses these premises for general warehouse space.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the ROU assets had a balance of $5.9 million and $6.2 million, respectively. The operating lease ROU assets are included within the Company’s non-current other assets, and lease liabilities are included in current or noncurrent liabilities in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, cash paid for amounts included in operating lease liabilities was $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Amortization of the ROU assets was $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the weighted-average remaining lease term for the Company’s operating leases was 4.7 years and 4.9 years, respectively. The weighted-average incremental borrowing

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rate for a collateralized asset of the same remaining term used to determine the present value of the Company’s operating leases’ future payments was 7.1% and 7.1%, respectively.

Total lease costs for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Lease cost
Operating lease cost		$	542	$	524
Short-term lease cost		23		21
Variable lease cost		40		35
Total lease cost		$	605	$	580

License Agreement

In October 2013, the Company entered into the License Agreement, pursuant to which AMF, a Company stockholder, licensed the Company certain patents and know-how (collectively, the AMF IP) relating to, in relevant part, an implantable pulse generator and related system components in development by AMF as of that date, in addition to any peripheral or auxiliary devices, including all components, that when assembled, comprise such device, excluding certain implantable pulse generators (collectively, the AMF Licensed Products). Under the License Agreement, for each calendar year beginning in 2018, the Company is obligated to pay AMF a royalty on an AMF Licensed Product-by-AMF Licensed Product basis if one of the following conditions applies: (i) one or more valid claims within any of the patents licensed to the Company by AMF covers such AMF Licensed Products or the manufacture of such AMF Licensed Products or (ii) for a period of 12 years from the first commercial sale anywhere in the world of such AMF Licensed Product, in each case. The foregoing royalty is calculated as the greater of (a) 4% of all net revenue derived from the AMF Licensed Products, and (b) the Minimum Royalty, payable quarterly. The Minimum Royalty automatically increases each year after 2018, subject to a maximum amount of $200,000 per year. The Company recorded related royalties of $0.3 million and $1.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Royalty expense is included in operating expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Accrued royalties of $0.3 million and $0.6 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, are included within accrued liabilities in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Royalty expense is declining because the Company’s F15 recharge-free SNM device is not covered by any AMF patents licensed to the Company and is therefore not an AMF Licensed Product that requires the payment of a royalty to AMF.

Legal Matters

On November 4, 2019, Medtronic, Inc., Medtronic Puerto Rico Operations Co., Medtronic Logistics LLC and Medtronic USA, Inc. (collectively, the Medtronic Affiliates) filed a complaint against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, Case No. 8:19-cv-2115, and amended the complaint on November 26, 2019. The Company refers to this matter as the Medtronic Litigation. The complaint asserts that the Company’s rechargeable SNM system infringes U.S. Patent Nos. 8,036,756, 8,626,314, 9,463,324 and 9,821,112 held by the Medtronic Affiliates, and the amended complaint further includes the additional patents 8,738,148; 8,457,758; and 7,774,069 (collectively, the Medtronic Patents). The Medtronic Litigation requests customary remedies for patent infringement, including (i) a judgment that the Company has infringed and is infringing the Medtronic Patents, (ii) damages, including treble damages for willful infringement, (iii) a permanent injunction preventing the Company from infringing the Medtronic Patents, (iv) attorneys’ fees, and (v) costs and expenses. The Company believes the allegations are without merit and is vigorously defending itself against them. The Company is unable to predict the likelihood of success of the claims of the Medtronic Affiliates against the Company or to quantify any risk of loss. The Medtronic Litigation could last for an extended period of time and require the Company to dedicate significant financial resources and management resources to its defense. An adverse ruling against the Company could materially and adversely affect its business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows and could also result in reputational harm. Even if the Company is successful in defending against these

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claims, the Medtronic Litigation could result in significant costs, delays in future product developments, reputational harm or other collateral consequences. The Company is currently engaged in discovery in the Medtronic Litigation. A jury trial is scheduled in the Medtronic Litigation for August 2023.

In addition to the Medtronic Litigation, the Company is and may continue to be involved in claims, legal proceedings, and investigations arising out of its operations in the normal course of business.

Note 4. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss is allocated as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023		2022
Research and development		$	2,204	$	1,510
General and administrative		2,826		1,937
Sales and marketing		5,684		3,691
		$	10,714	$	7,138

Stock Option Activity

The option awards issued under the 2014 Stock Option Plan (the 2014 Plan) and the 2018 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the 2018 Plan) were measured based on fair value. The Company used the simplified method of determining the expected term of stock options as the Company believes this represents the best estimate of the expected term of a new option. The expected stock price volatility assumption was determined by examining the historical volatilities for industry peers, as the Company did not have sufficient trading history for the Company’s common stock. The Company will continue to analyze the historical stock price volatility and expected term assumption as more historical data for the Company’s common stock becomes available. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the U.S. Treasury instruments, whose term was consistent with the expected term of the Company’s stock options. The expected dividend assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The assumptions regarding the expected term of the options and the expected volatility of the stock price are subjective, and these assumptions have a significant effect on the estimated fair value amounts. There were no stock option grants for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was $1.1 million and $1.8 million, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 0.9 years and 1.0 year, respectively.

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The following table summarizes stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 under the 2014 and 2018 Plans (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Number of Options	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	1,046,610	$	18.81

Options exercised	(116,452)	16.58		$	5,451	(1)
Options forfeited	(261)	27.10
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	929,897	$	19.08	$	33,127	(2)

_____________________________________________

(1) Represents the total difference between the Company’s closing stock price at the time of exercise and the stock option exercise price, multiplied by the number of options exercised.

(2) Represents the total difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the first quarter of 2023 and the stock option exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options as of March 31, 2023. The amount of intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Company’s stock.

The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options outstanding and exercisable was 5.9 years and 6.1 years at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Restricted Shares Awards Activity

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was $61.8 million and $54.0 million, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted shares awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.3 years and 2.3 years, respectively.

The following table summarizes restricted shares awards activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023:


	Number of Restricted Shares Awards	Weighted-Average Fair Value Per Share at Grant Date
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	1,320,866	$	52.23
Restricted shares awards granted	278,816	58.33
Restricted shares awards vested	(275,851)	41.61
Restricted shares awards forfeited	(31,046)	56.16
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	1,292,785	$	55.72

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Restricted Stock Units Activity

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there was $14.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.2 years and 0.8 years, respectively.

The following table summarizes restricted stock units activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023:


	Number of Restricted Stock Units	Weighted-Average Fair Value Per Share at Grant Date
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	183,418	$	48.74
Restricted stock units granted	286,750	65.44
Restricted stock units vested	(199,718)	49.84
Outstanding at March 31, 2023	270,450	$	70.10

Note 5. Income Taxes

The following table presents details of the provision for income taxes and effective tax rates (in thousands, except percentages):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023	2022
Income tax benefit		$(807)	$(1,111)
Effective tax rate		8.02%	4.67%

The Company accounts for income taxes according to ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” The Company periodically evaluates whether a portion or all of its deferred tax assets will be recovered. The Company records a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets if and to the extent it is more likely than not that they will not be recovered. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, the Company weighs all relevant positive and negative evidence, including among other factors, historical financial performance, forecasts of income over the applicable carryforward periods, and the market environment, with each consideration weighted based on its reliability. The Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against its otherwise recognizable U.S. net deferred income tax assets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The effective tax rate differs from the statutory U.S. income tax rate due to differing tax rates imposed on income earned in foreign jurisdictions, losses in foreign jurisdictions, and certain nondeductible expenses. The effective tax rate could change significantly from quarter to quarter because of recurring and nonrecurring factors. The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily the result of losses benefited in certain foreign jurisdictions.

At December 31, 2022, the Company had U.S. federal and foreign net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards of approximately $270.3 million and $9.6 million, respectively. U.S. federal NOLs in the amount of $51.5 million will expire between 2033 and 2037 while the remainder will carryover indefinitely. The foreign net operating loss carryforwards have an indefinite carryforward period. The Company had U.S. state NOLs of $254.6 million, which will expire between 2033 and 2042.

Pursuant to Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Internal Revenue Code), use of the Company’s NOL carryforwards may be limited if the Company experiences a cumulative change in ownership of greater than 50% in a rolling three-year period. The Company performed an analysis of changes in ownership for purposes of these Internal Revenue Code sections. Based on the study performed in 2020, the Company determined that an ownership change occurred in 2014, 2018 and 2019. The total reduction of the net operating loss carryforwards was offset by valuation allowance, and there was no impact to tax expense related to

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the limitation. Based on the study performed in 2022 and 2021, the Company determined that an ownership change did not occur in 2022 and 2021. Future ownership changes could impact the Company’s ability to utilize NOL carryforwards.

Note 6. Employee Benefit Plan

The Company sponsors a defined contribution retirement savings plan under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. This plan covers all U.S. employees who meet minimum age and service requirements, and allows participants to defer a portion of their annual compensation on a pre- or post-tax basis. Contributions to the plan by the Company may be made at the discretion of the board of directors. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company contributions to the plan amounted to $0.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

Note 7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2023 included the following (in thousands):


December 31, 2022	$	94,414

Foreign currency translation adjustment	2,167
March 31, 2023	$	96,581

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Intangible assets as of March 31, 2023 included the following (in thousands):


		March 31, 2023
	Weighted-Average Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Impairment		Foreign currency translation adjustment		Intangible Assets, Net
Patent license asset	8.71 years	$	1,000	$	(1,000)	$	—	$	—	$	—
Exclusive license asset	4 years	3,300		(1,760)		—		—		1,540
Technology	12 years	81,100		(14,147)		—		(7,815)		59,138
Trade names and trademarks	Indefinite	19,700		—		—		(2,001)		17,699
Customer relationships	12 years	11,400		(2,744)		(287)		(858)		7,511
		$	116,500	$	(19,651)	$	(287)	$	(10,674)	$	85,888

Intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 included the following (in thousands):


		December 31, 2022
	Weighted-Average Amortization Period	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Impairment		Foreign currency translation adjustment		Intangible Asset, Net
Patent license asset	8.71 years	$	1,000	$	(1,000)	$	—	$	—	$	—
Exclusive license asset	4 years	3,300		(1,540)		—		—		1,760
Technology	12 years	81,100		(12,496)